异步IO简介

最近想学习一下libevent,就先翻译一下libevent的官方文档吧.

英文原文链接：http://www.wangafu.net/~nickm/libevent-book/01_intro.html

大部分编程初学者都是从阻塞IO开始的。何谓阻塞IO？,即你进行一个IO调用时,除非这个操作完成,或者超时网络协议栈放弃了，否则这个调用是不返回的.比如你对TCP连接调用“connect()”时,你的操作系统将发送一个SYN包给TCP连接的对端,除非收到对端发送的SYN ACK包或者是超时了,否则connect()将不会返回。

这里是一个简单的使用阻塞网络调用的客户端例子.客户端连接到www.google.com,发起一个HTTP请求,把响应打印到标准输出.

/* For sockaddr_in */
#include <netinet/in.h>
/* For socket functions */
#include <sys/socket.h>
/* For gethostbyname */
#include <netdb.h>

#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(int c, char **v)
{
    const char query[] =
        "GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n"
        "Host: www.google.com\r\n"
        "\r\n";
    const char hostname[] = "www.google.com";
    struct sockaddr_in sin;
    struct hostent *h;
    const char *cp;
    int fd;
    ssize_t n_written, remaining;
    char buf[1024];

    /* Look up the IP address for the hostname.   Watch out; this isn‘t
       threadsafe on most platforms. */
    h = gethostbyname(hostname);
    if (!h) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Couldn‘t lookup %s: %s", hostname, hstrerror(h_errno));
        return 1;
    }
    if (h->h_addrtype != AF_INET) {
        fprintf(stderr, "No ipv6 support, sorry.");
        return 1;
    }

    /* Allocate a new socket */
    fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (fd < 0) {
        perror("socket");
        return 1;
    }

    /* Connect to the remote host. */
    sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
    sin.sin_port = htons(80);
    sin.sin_addr = *(struct in_addr*)h->h_addr;
    if (connect(fd, (struct sockaddr*) &sin, sizeof(sin))) {
        perror("connect");
        close(fd);
        return 1;
    }

    /* Write the query. */
    /* XXX Can send succeed partially? */
    cp = query;
    remaining = strlen(query);
    while (remaining) {
      n_written = send(fd, cp, remaining, 0);
      if (n_written <= 0) {
        perror("send");
        return 1;
      }
      remaining -= n_written;
      cp += n_written;
    }

    /* Get an answer back. */
    while (1) {
        ssize_t result = recv(fd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
        if (result == 0) {
            break;
        } else if (result < 0) {
            perror("recv");
            close(fd);
            return 1;
        }
        fwrite(buf, 1, result, stdout);
    }

    close(fd);
    return 0;
}

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