leetCode解题报告5道题(九)

题目一:Combinations


Given two integers n and k, return all
possible combinations of k numbers out of 1
... n.

For example,
If n = 4 and k =
2, a solution is:

[
[2,4],
[3,4],
[2,3],
[1,2],
[1,3],
[1,4],
]

分析:

题意给我们一个数字n, 和一个数字k,让我们求出从
1~~n中取出k个数所能得到的组合数

所以这个题目给我们的第一感觉就是用递归是最方便的了,咱试试递归的方法哈。假设读者对递归方法有疑问,能够看看我之前总结的一个递归算法的集合。

本文专注于<递归算法和分治思想>

AC代码:

public class Solution {
//终于结果
private ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> arrays = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();

public ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> combine(int n, int k) {
//把组合设想成仅仅能升序的话,能做开头的数字仅仅有 1 ~ n-k+1
for (int i=1; i<=n-k+1; ++i){
ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
list.add(i);
cal(list, i+1, n, k-1); //递归
}
return arrays;
}
public void cal(ArrayList<Integer> list, int start, int end, int k){
//k==0表示这次list组合满足条件了
if (k == 0){
//copy
ArrayList<Integer> result = new ArrayList<Integer>(list);
arrays.add(result);
}
//循环递归调用
for (int i=start; i<=end; ++i){
list.add(i);
cal(list, i+1, end, k-1);
list.remove(list.size()-1);
}
}
}

题目二:Search a
2D Matrix


Write an efficient algorithm that searches for a
value in an m x n matrix. This matrix has the following
properties:

  • Integers in each row are sorted from left
    to right.

  • The first integer of each row is greater
    than the last integer of the previous row.

For example,

Consider the following matrix:

[
[1, 3, 5, 7],
[10, 11, 16, 20],
[23, 30, 34, 50]
]

Given target = 3,
return true.

分析:这道题目是剑指Offer上的老题目咯,可是解题的思路挺巧妙。本来不想把这题写在博文里的,后来想想或许有些同学没看过剑指Offer,
后续由于这题而去看下这本挺不错的书哈,于是把这题写在博文里了。并附上剑指offer的下载地址(http://download.csdn.net/detail/u011133213/7268315),这题便不做具体介绍。

AC代码:(复杂度O(m+n))

public class Solution {
public boolean searchMatrix(int[][] matrix, int target) {
int m = matrix.length;
int n = matrix[0].length;
int row = 0;
int col = n - 1;
while (m > row && col >= 0){
if (target == matrix[row][col]){
return true;
}
if (target > matrix[row][col]){
row++;//往下一行搜索
}else if (target < matrix[row][col]){
col--;//往左一列搜索
}
}
return false;
}
}



题目三:Scramble
String

Given a string s1, we may represent it as a binary tree by
partitioning it to two non-empty substrings recursively.

Below is one possible representation of s1 = "great":

    great
/ gr eat
/ \ / g r e at
/ a t

To scramble the string, we may choose any non-leaf node and swap its two
children.

For example, if we choose the node "gr" and
swap its two children, it produces a scrambled string "rgeat".

    rgeat
/ rg eat
/ \ / r g e at
/ a t

We say that "rgeat" is
a scrambled string of "great".

Similarly, if we continue to swap the children of nodes "eat" and "at",
it produces a scrambled string "rgtae".

    rgtae
/ rg tae
/ \ / r g ta e
/ t a

We say that "rgtae" is
a scrambled string of "great".

Given two strings s1 and s2 of the
same length, determine if s2 is a scrambled string
of s1.

分析:

这道题目的题意相信大家应该都看得懂,仅仅是做起来的话有些蛋疼.

我一開始用暴力法TLE,之后用DP才干够的.

详细看代码:

暴力法TLE:

public class Solution {
public boolean isScramble(String s1, String s2) {

if (s1 == null || s2 == null)
return false;
if (s1.equals(s2))
return true;
int len1 = s1.length();
int len2 = s2.length();
if (len1 != len2)
return false;
int[] hash = new int[26];
for (int i=0; i<len1; ++i){
hash[s1.charAt(i) - ‘a‘]++;
}
for (int i=0; i<len2; ++i){
hash[s2.charAt(i) - ‘a‘]--;
}
for (int i=0; i<26; ++i){
if (hash[i] != 0)
return false;
}

for (int i=1; i<len1; ++i){
boolean flags1 = (isScramble(s1.substring(0,i), s2.substring(0,i)) && isScramble(s1.substring(i,len1), s2.substring(i,len2)));
boolean flags2 = (isScramble(s1.substring(0,i), s2.substring(len2-i,len2)) && isScramble(s1.substring(i,len1), s2.substring(0,len2-i)));
if (flags1 && flags2){
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}



DP动态规划:

设数组flags[len][len][len]来存储每个状态信息.

如flags[i][j][k]
表示s1字符串的第i个位置開始的k个字符和s2字符串的第j个位置開始的k个字符 是否满足scramble
string 

满足:flags[i][j][k] ==
true

不满足: flags[i][j][k] ==
false

那么题目所要的终于结果的值事实上就相当于是flags[0][0][len]的值了

那么状态转移方程是什么呢?

归纳总结法

假设k==1:

flags[i][j][1] 就相当于
s1的第i个位置起,取1个字符。s2的第j个位置起,取1个字符。那假设要使Scramble String成立的话,那么就仅仅能是这两个字符相等了,
s1.charAt(i) == s2.charAt(j)

因此 flags[i][j][1] = s1.charAt(i)
== s2.charAt(j);

假设k==2:

flags[i][j][2] 就相当于
s1的第i个位置起,取2个字符。s2的第j个位置起,取2个字符。那假设要使Scramble String成立的话,那么情况有下面两种

一种是flags[i][j][1] &&
flags[i+1][j+1][1] (就是两个位置的字符都相等 S1="TM" S2="TM")

一种是flags[i][j+1][1] &&
flags[i+1][j][1] (两个位置的字符刚好对调位置 S1="TM" S2="MT")

假设k==n:

设个变量为x

flags[i][j][n] =( (flags[i][j][x] &&
flags[i+x][j+x][k-x])  [第一种情况]

||
(flags[i][j+k-x][x] && flags[i+x][j][k-x]) );  [另外一种情况]


AC代码:

public class Solution {
public boolean isScramble(String s1, String s2) {

if (s1 == null || s2 == null)
return false;
if (s1.equals(s2))
return true;
int len1 = s1.length();
int len2 = s2.length();
if (len1 != len2)
return false;
int len = len1;
boolean[][][] flags= new boolean[len+1][len+1][len+1];
for (int t=1; t<=len; ++t){
for (int i=0; i<=len-t; ++i){
for (int j=0; j<=len-t; ++j){
if (t == 1){
flags[i][j][t] = (s1.charAt(i) == s2.charAt(j));
}else{
for (int k=1; k<t; ++k){
if (flags[i][j][t] == true){
break;
}else{
if ((flags[i][j][k] && flags[i+k][j+k][t-k])
|| (flags[i][j+t-k][k] && flags[i+k][j][t-k])){
flags[i][j][t] = true;
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
return flags[0][0][len];
}
}

题目四:

Rotate List

 

Given a list, rotate the list to the right by k places,
where k is non-negative.

For example:
Given 1->2->3->4->5->NULL and k = 2,

return 4->5->1->2->3->NULL.

分析:

题意要求我们依据所给出的k值,把从最后一个非空结点向前的k个结点移动到链表的开头,又一次组成一个新的链表之后返回。

这道题目有点像经典的面试题“仅仅遍历一次,怎样找到链表倒数的第K个结点”,採用的是两个指针不一样的起始位置,一个指针从head開始出发,还有一个指针先让它走K步,当第2个指针为Null的时候,则第一个指针所指向的就是倒数第K个的值。

同理:

这里我们用两个指针就能够方便地搞定这个题目了,可是须要注意的是,这道题目

假设K大于了链表长度,比方K=3,Len=2的话,假设K步我们还没走完就碰到了Null结点,那么再从head開始走剩下的。直到K==0;

AC代码:

/**
* Definition for singly-linked list.
* public class ListNode {
* int val;
* ListNode next;
* ListNode(int x) {
* val = x;
* next = null;
* }
* }
*/
public class Solution {
public ListNode rotateRight(ListNode head, int n) {
ListNode firstNode = head;//新链表的第一个结点
ListNode kstepNode = head;//走了k步的指针
ListNode preFirstNode = new ListNode(-1);//新链表第一个结点的前一个结点
ListNode preKstepNode = new ListNode(-1);//k步指针的前一个结点

if (head == null || n == 0){
return head;
}
int k = n;

//先走K步
while (k != 0){
//假设走到链表结束了k还不为0,那么再回到head头结点来继续
if (kstepNode == null){
kstepNode = head;
}
kstepNode = kstepNode.next;
k--;
}
//假设刚好走到链表结束,那么就不用再处理了,当前的链表就满足题意了
if (kstepNode == null){
return firstNode;
}
//处理两个结点同一时候走,知道第二个指针走到Null,则第一个指针是倒数第K个结点
while (kstepNode != null){
preFirstNode = firstNode;
firstNode = firstNode.next;

preKstepNode = kstepNode;
kstepNode = kstepNode.next;
}
preKstepNode.next = head;
preFirstNode.next = null;

return firstNode;
}
}

题目五:Partition
List


Given a linked list and a value x, partition it such that all
nodes less than x come before nodes greater than or equal
to x.

You should preserve the original relative order of the nodes in each of the two
partitions.

For example,
Given 1->4->3->2->5->2 and x =
3,
return 1->2->2->4->3->5.

分析:

妈蛋,英文题目看着就是蛋疼,看了好久才理解它的题意:

题目要求我们说给出一个X的值,你要把全部的
小于X的值的结点放在全部大于或等于X的值的前面,关键这里X又等于3,跟题目里面给出的链表中当中一个结点的值一样,迷惑了。

一旦题意明确了,剩下的就好办了,竟然这种话,那我们仅仅须要先找出第一个
“大于或等于X值”的结点,并记录下它的位置。

然后剩下的仅仅要遍历一次链表,把小于X的插入到它的前面,大于或等于X
不变位置(由于我们这里找到的是第一个“大于或等于X值”的结点)。

AC代码:

/**
* Definition for singly-linked list.
* public class ListNode {
* int val;
* ListNode next;
* ListNode(int x) {
* val = x;
* next = null;
* }
* }
*/
public class Solution {
public ListNode partition(ListNode head, int x) {
ListNode firstNode = head;
ListNode preFirstNode = new ListNode(-1);
preFirstNode.next = firstNode;
ListNode tempNode = head;
ListNode pretempNode = new ListNode(-1);
pretempNode.next = tempNode;
ListNode preHead = new ListNode(-1);
preHead.next = head;

int index = 0;
//find the first (>= x)‘s node
while (firstNode != null){
if (firstNode.val >= x){
break;
}else{
preFirstNode = firstNode;
firstNode = firstNode.next;
index++;//记录位置
}
}
//假设第一个满足条件的结点是头结点
if (firstNode == head){
preHead = preFirstNode;
}
//取得当前下标,假设在第一个满足条件的结点之前则不处理
int p = 0;
while (tempNode != null){
if (tempNode != firstNode){
//值小于x,而且在第一个满足条件结点之后。
if (tempNode.val < x && p > index){
/*做移动*/
pretempNode.next = tempNode.next;
tempNode.next = preFirstNode.next;
preFirstNode.next = tempNode;
preFirstNode = tempNode;
tempNode = pretempNode.next;
index++;
p++;
continue;
}
}
pretempNode = tempNode;
tempNode = tempNode.next;
p++;
}

return preHead.next;

}
}

leetCode解题报告5道题(九),布布扣,bubuko.com

时间: 2024-10-12 23:27:52

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